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Dare to Love?
by Royal E. Alsup, Ph.D.
Two very different family styles are common in our society-the
"child-centered" family and the "parent-centered"
family. Both styles have positive aspects that benefit children
and parents and very serious weaknesses that can lead to terrible
problems such as child abuse and neglect or parental resentment.
A third family style, the "creativity-centered" family,
uses mutuality, shared responsibility and creative communications
to create an environment in which both parents and children can
thrive.
The child-centered family can be characterized by the motto, "I
have to give up myself to take care of my children." Child-centered
parents are often well informed about their children's needs in
terms of their developmental stage. They are concerned about having
an environment in which the child encounters very little frustration
and their developmental potential reaches its maximum expression.
Infants, children and youth are given the protection, certainty
and warmth they need to flourish. In the child-centered family stress
is concentrated on the parents who sometimes sacrifice everything
for their child. Consequently, the parents may suffer problems such
as low self-worth and frustration. Their own growth and potentials
are ignored as all of their resources are invested in the child.
The adult's anger and frustration can become so profound that it
may lead to closet alcoholism, child abuse or neglect.
The child-centered family was strong until mid-century when enormous
technological advances ushered in the postmodern world. Economic
and historical trends have drastically changed families and styles
of parenting. For meaningful employment a higher level of education
is now required. More fields are open to women because of less reliance
on physical capacities and more emphasis on abilities of the mind.
Often both parents must work and jobs can be far from home and community.
The self-growth of the parent has become important. All these changes
brought about the development of the parent-centered family whose
motto is, "If I take care of myself, my children will be fine."
In parent-centered families children are sometimes left to fend
for themselves. The result can be latchkey and abandoned children
who may turn to gangs and drugs to feel good about themselves. Some
children spend many hours in childcare centers because their parents
have to work long hours. These conditions cause a complete shift
in family functioning because parents can no longer be the sole
authority in the family. The locus of authority has now shifted
into a sharing of authority with the parents, children, adolescents
and other care providers in the child's life. Demands are made upon
the child to be competent and to develop their own self-esteem.
Children must provide for many of their own needs that were previously
met by parents. These shifts in functioning place an enormous amount
of stress on the child in the parent-centered family.
Parents are not completely to blame for the injustices that befall
children, youths and parents in both the child-centered and parent-centered
family styles. These family systems developed out of historical,
economic and technological conditions that demanded certain responses.
The "creativity-centered" family style provides powerful
alternatives to restore balance and to meet the needs of both children
and parents. The creativity-centered family style is focused on
the idea that, "We are all in this together. Let's make it
a win-win situation."
Creativity-centered parenting uses dialogue and conversation, influence
and loving concern instead of coercion, punishment and control.
The aim of this approach is to bring about responsible self-discipline.
A heavy demand is put on all family members to be responsive to
one another in order to insure healthy family functioning. An important
part of creativity-centered parenting is the family meeting. This
technique says to us as parents, "Dare to love."
l. Choose a time when everyone is available. The choice needs
to be a joint decision, which represents a shift to mutual authority
in the family. By ten years of age and older children can be taught
to keep an appointment book and can be participants in this decision.
2. Establish a sacred place in the house for the meeting. This
helps everyone remember that the meeting is very special and that
it holds important meaning for the whole family. The place can
be made sacred by lighting a candle or incense. A special dish
can be used for snacks. The area can be smudged with burning sage
to purify it.
3. The family meeting becomes a sacred time. To begin this special
time someone can say a prayer, read a cherished passage from a
book or recite a favorite poem. This is a clear sign to everyone
that they are moving into a time that is vital for family discussion.
The family's own mythical time is marked off from ordinary, worldly
time and everything that happens now is sacred. Making this a
sacred process creates safety to talk about the family and individual
shadows.
4. A family member holds a sacred object such as an eagle feather,
a beautiful stone or even a special piece of jewelry to show that
it is their turn to talk. When it is passed to the next person,
it is a sign that they can begin to speak. This practice stops
people from interrupting each other. Each person knows that when
they hold the sacred object the other members of the family will
listen to them. Holding the sacred object makes the individual
seem sacred to the other family members and makes what that person
has to say seem more important. The choice of which sacred object
to use can be rotated among the family members. This act of sharing
gives each person the feeling that they are important.
5. Make sure that compliments and gripes are balanced during
the meeting. Some people will close down if they hear negative
comments on their behavior. Others will withdraw if they hear
about good aspects of their personality, thinking "this isn't
real" or "you're trying to control me through being
nice." Because of these kinds of differences in people it
is important to understand each other's temperament and to honor
each person's personality and uniqueness.
6. Decisions that are made to correct a family member's problem
or a whole family dysfunction need to be reached through a family
consensus. There needs to be 100 percent agreement on proposed
solutions to problems. Developing a family agreement replaces
coercion and punishment with democratic and creative problem solving
techniques. A family agreement involves the whole family and the
whole person. Creative problem solving techniques will be described
in detail in an upcoming article.
7. Post an agenda sheet in a private place at least three days
before a scheduled family meeting. Each person can add issues
to the agenda. This alleviates fears that someone is going to
be a victim of a surprise attack, collusion or conspiracy by another
family member. Having a scheduled meeting time and posted agenda
promotes the ability to delay gratification as issues come up
and family members are assured that the problem will be discussed
at the next meeting.
8. Family schedules and calendars are worked out during weekly
family meetings. The busy postmodern family needs to coordinate
their efforts so that no one will feel abandoned and neglected
by being left alone or stranded during the week. Developing the
family schedule and calendar together delegates responsibilities
to family members and helps to balance the unilateral authority
and the mutual authority in the family.
9. Each family member has the right to express their views and
how they feel through any medium they choose. Younger children
may want to express their feelings through puppets or some form
of play. Another family member may want to do some storytelling
or read a poem. This encourages creativity for correcting family
dysfunction.
10. The special frankness of the family meeting conversation
is unique as members can say anything they want within the boundaries
of the family meeting. Everyone needs to understand that they
will not be punished for it. An open exchange reveals family secrets
and helps keep child abuses from happening.
Family meetings correct the imbalances and unhealthy functioning
of both the child-center family and the parent-centered family.
Creative family meetings place the stress and responsibility on
all family members for healthy family functioning. Mutual sharing
encourages family members to move from control toward influence.
The creativity-centered family aims to meet the basic needs of all
family members and to enable the parents and the children to flourish,
to grow, to feel competent, to have high self-worth and to feel
loved.
References
Elkind, D. (1994). Ties that stress:
The new family imbalance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Gordon, T. (1989). Discipline that
works: Promoting self-discipline in children. New York: Plume.
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